-
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Defective intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, there are no effective therapies that...
Enhances the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier and Protects against Intestinal Inflammation by Targeting the Toll-like Receptor-2 Pathway in an NF-κB-Independent Manner.
Defective intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, there are no effective therapies that specifically target the intestinal TJ barrier. Among the various probiotic bacteria, , is one of the most widely studied to have beneficial effects on the intestinal TJ barrier. The main purpose of this study was to identify species that cause a sustained enhancement in the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier and can be used therapeutically to target the intestinal TJ barrier and to protect against or treat intestinal inflammation. Our results showed that caused a marked, sustained enhancement in the intestinal TJ barrier in Caco-2 monolayers. The effect on TJ barrier was strain-specific, and only the strain designated as BB1 caused a maximal enhancement in TJ barrier function. The mechanism of BB1 enhancement of intestinal TJ barrier required live bacterial cell/enterocyte interaction and was mediated by the BB1 attachment to Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) at the apical membrane surface. The BB1 enhancement of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function was mediated by the activation of the p38 kinase pathway, but not the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the BB1 caused a marked enhancement in mouse intestinal TJ barrier in a TLR-2-dependent manner and protected against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced increase in mouse colonic permeability, and treated the DSS-induced colitis in a TJ barrier-dependent manner. These studies show that probiotic bacteria BB1 causes a strain-specific enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier through a novel mechanism involving BB1 attachment to the enterocyte TLR-2 receptor complex and activation of p38 kinase pathway.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Caco-2 Cells; Colitis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; NF-kappa B; Permeability; Probiotics; Signal Transduction; Tight Junctions; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 34360835
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158070 -
MBio Oct 2017is a natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We studied the role of the extracellular sialidase (SiaBb2, 835 amino acids [aa]) from ATCC 15696 in...
is a natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We studied the role of the extracellular sialidase (SiaBb2, 835 amino acids [aa]) from ATCC 15696 in mucosal surface adhesion and carbohydrate catabolism. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or porcine mucin oligosaccharides as the sole carbon source enhanced growth. This was impaired in a ATCC 15696 strain harboring a mutation in the gene. Mutant cells in early to late exponential growth phase also showed decreased adhesion to human epithelial cells and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain. These results indicate that SiaBb2 removes sialic acid from HMOs and mucin for metabolic purposes and may promote bifidobacterial adhesion to the mucosal surface. To further characterize SiaBb2-mediated bacterial adhesion, we examined the binding of His-tagged recombinant SiaBb2 peptide to colonic mucins and found that His-SiaBb2 as well as a conserved sialidase domain peptide (aa 187 to 553, His-Sia) bound to porcine mucin and murine colonic sections. A glycoarray assay revealed that His-Sia bound to the α2,6-linked but not to the α2,3-linked sialic acid on sialyloligosaccharide and blood type A antigen [GalNAcα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ] at the nonreducing termini of sugar chains. These results suggest that the sialidase domain of SiaBb2 is responsible for this interaction and that the protein recognizes two distinct carbohydrate structures. Thus, SiaBb2 may be involved in -mucosal surface interactions as well as in the assimilation of a variety of sialylated carbohydrates. Adhesion to the host mucosal surface and carbohydrate assimilation are important for bifidobacterium colonization and survival in the host gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic basis for extracellular sialidase (SiaBb2)-mediated adhesion. SiaBb2 cleaved sialyl-human milk oligosaccharides and mucin glycans to produce oligosaccharides that supported growth. Moreover, SiaBb2 enhanced adhesion to mucosal surfaces via specific interactions with the α2,6 linkage of sialyloligosaccharide and blood type A antigen on mucin carbohydrates. These findings provide insight into the bifunctional role of SiaBb2 and the adhesion properties of strains.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Colon; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Mice; Mucins; Neuraminidase; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Swine
PubMed: 28974612
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00928-17 -
Gut Microbes 2024Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic...
Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic immune constitution. Here, we aimed to investigate the hepatic immunological state in NASH, with a specific emphasis on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, we aimed to identify the contributing species that target hepatic immunity to provide new directions and support the feasibility of immunotherapy for NASH. A possible NASH population was determined by combination of long-term severe fatty liver, metabolic disorders and increased serum CK18 to detect serum immune factors and gut microbiota. NASH was induced in mice fed a high-fat diet to verify the prophylactic effect of the functional species on the immunopathology and development of NASH. Hepatic immunologic state was examined, and the effector functions of NK cells were detected. Hepatic transcriptome, proteomic, and fecal metagenome were performed. We observed a statistical increase in serum IL-10 (p < 0.001) and non-statistical decrease in interferon-γ and IL-6 in NASH population, hinting at the possibility of immune tolerance. Fecal Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum were abundant in healthy population but depleted in NASH patients. In NASH mice, hepatic CD8+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were increased (p < 0.01), and NK cells were inhibited, which were identified with decreased granzyme B (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum improved hepatic pathological and metabolic cues, increased hepatic NK cells and reduced macrophages (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis also restored hepatic NK cell function, which was identified as increased CD107a (p < 0.05). Transcriptional and translational profiling revealed that the functional species might restore the function of hepatic NK cells through multiple pathways, such as reduction of inhibitory molecules in NK cells. Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum are novel prophylactics for NASH that restore the impaired function of hepatic NK cells.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diet, High-Fat; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Proteomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Killer Cells, Natural; Immune Tolerance
PubMed: 38196273
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2302065 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification found mainly in eukaryotic cells, which covalently attaches oligosaccharides to secreted proteins in certain... (Review)
Review
-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification found mainly in eukaryotic cells, which covalently attaches oligosaccharides to secreted proteins in certain threonine or serine residues. Most of -glycans have -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) as a common core. Several glycoproteins, such as mucins (MUCs), immunoglobulins, and caseins are examples of -glycosylated structures. These glycans are further elongated with other monosaccharides and sulfate groups. Some of them could be found in dairy foods, while others are produced endogenously, in both cases interacting with the gut microbiota. Interestingly, certain gut microbes can access, release, and consume -linked glycans as a carbon source. Among these, , , and are prominent -linked glycan utilizers. Their consumption strategies include specialized -fucosidases and α-sialidases, in addition to endo---acetylgalactosaminidases that release galacto--biose (GNB) from peptides backbones. -linked glycan utilization by certain gut microbes represents an important niche that allows them to predominate and modulate host responses such as inflammation. Here, we focus on the distinct molecular mechanisms of consumption of -linked GalNAc glycans by prominent gut microbes, especially from mucin and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), highlighting the potential of these structures as emerging prebiotics.
PubMed: 33224127
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591568 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2017In this study, Bifidobacterium bifidum WBBI03 and Listeria monocytogenes CMCC 54001 were selected to detect the changes in their growth pattern after mutual interaction...
In this study, Bifidobacterium bifidum WBBI03 and Listeria monocytogenes CMCC 54001 were selected to detect the changes in their growth pattern after mutual interaction between them. The proteomic changes after the interaction between the 2 bacteria were detected by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation method. The proteins related to the biosynthesis and cell reproduction were selected, and their changes at the transcriptional level were monitored by fluorescent quantitative PCR. Also, 3 other types of probiotic organisms and opportunistic pathogens were used to verify the results mentioned above. The results showed that growing the 2 organisms together could promote the growth of each other, resulting in earlier entry into the logarithmic phase. The results also showed that the expression of these proteins mostly tended to be upregulated at the translational and transcriptional level. The increase in the expression of these proteins might help promote the growth and reproduction of B. bifidum WBBI03 and L. monocytogenes CMCC 54001. One aspect of the biological significance of their presence in the normal intestine may be that the opportunistic pathogens promote the growth of the probiotics.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Listeria monocytogenes; Probiotics; Proteomics
PubMed: 28259400
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11804 -
Gut Pathogens Jun 2022Composition of gut microbiota has recently been suggested as a key factor persuading the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including hepatic cirrhosis.
Potential impact of gut Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on hepatic histopathological changes in non-cirrhotic hepatitis C virus patients with different viral load.
BACKGROUND
Composition of gut microbiota has recently been suggested as a key factor persuading the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including hepatic cirrhosis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the potential impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum microbiota on the progression of hepatic histopathological changes among patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection with different viral load. Additionally, to assess fecal composition of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota genotypes MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 40 non-cirrhotic chronically infected HCV patients, and 10 healthy-controls. Liver biopsy and HCV genomic viral load were assessed for all patients after full clinical examination. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota were assessed in all fecal samples using PCR assay, after counting total lactic acid bacteria.
RESULTS
There was a significantly higher difference between the count of both total lactic acid and Lactobacillus acidophilus of healthy controls compared to patients (P-value < 0.001). Though the count of total lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus acidophilus were higher in the cases with early stage of fibrosis (score ≤ 1) compared to those with score > 1, there were no statistically significant differences with both the serum level of hepatitis C viremia (P = 0.850 and 0.977 respectively) and the score of fibrosis (P = 0.246 and 0.260 respectively). Genotypic analysis for the composition of the studied microbiota revealed that diversity was higher in healthy controls compared to patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The progression of hepatic fibrosis in HCV chronically infected patients seems to be plausible based on finding the altered Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum gut microbiota composition. Thus, modulation of these microbiota seems to be a promising target for prevention and control of HCV infection.
PubMed: 35706051
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00501-4 -
Data in Brief Dec 2022This report presents the data on the draft genome sequence of strain ICIS-504. The strain, isolated from the intestine of a 41-year-old healthy woman is a member of...
This report presents the data on the draft genome sequence of strain ICIS-504. The strain, isolated from the intestine of a 41-year-old healthy woman is a member of community consist of four strains of three bifidobacterial species: and . Annotation of the genome sequence revealed as high similarity with deposited strains as the unique duplication in the functional region of the only AmiR-family response regulator gene. The draft genome sequence data of strain ICIS-504 is available under the accession nos. JAJJPE000000000.1, PRJNA776132 and SAMN22746550 for NCBI Genome, Bioproject and Biosample databases, respectively.
PubMed: 36425959
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108672 -
Food Science & Nutrition Mar 2021The objective of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of inulin (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) on the viability of probiotic bacteria () and sensory...
The objective of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of inulin (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) on the viability of probiotic bacteria () and sensory characteristics of probiotic yogurt. The yogurt was manufactured with ssp. (Lb), (St), and (Bb). Raw milk was received, heated to 90°C, and divided into 4 aliquots portions. All portions were inoculated with 5.11 log cfu of Lb and St combined and 5 log cfu of Bb per kg of milk. The first portion was utilized as control (T1) while 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of inulin were added to the second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) portions, respectively. All treatments were incubated at 40°C until a pH of 4.6 was reached. Subsequently, the yogurt was cooled and stored at 4°C for 16 days. Titratable acidity, total bacterial count (TBC), Bb count, yeast count, mold count, and sensory evaluation were determined during the storage. The results showed that the addition of inulin and the storage period have significant effects ( < .05) on the titratable acidity of the yogurt. The storage of control was ended after 8 days at 4°C due to the growth of molds on the surface of the samples. The TBC decreased ( < .05) over time in control from 8.28 to 7.97 log cfu/g. It was also decreased ( < .05) with increasing the concentration of inulin. However, the addition of inulin increased ( < .05) the viability of Bb during the storage, as well as, acted as an antimicrobial against molds in T2, T3, and T4. Additionally, there were no significant differences ( > .05) in the sensory evaluation of all treatments. We conclude that inulin can be utilized in the manufacturing of probiotic yogurt as a prebiotic, which, inturn, enhances the growth of Bb and increase the shelf-life.
PubMed: 33747485
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2154 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2014Bifidobacteria are considered dominant and for this reason key members of the human gut microbiota, particularly during the first one to two years following birth. A... (Review)
Review
Bifidobacteria are considered dominant and for this reason key members of the human gut microbiota, particularly during the first one to two years following birth. A substantial proportion of the bifidobacterial population in the intestine of infants belong to the Bifidobacterium bifidum taxon, whose members have been shown to display remarkable physiological and genetic features involving adhesion to epithelia, as well as utilization of host-derived glycans. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the genetic features and associated adaptations of B. bifidum to the human gut.
PubMed: 25191315
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00437 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Feb 2023Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disease that affects up to 10% of people. The use of natural product remedies has received much attention for its treatment. In...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disease that affects up to 10% of people. The use of natural product remedies has received much attention for its treatment. In this research, the healing effect of metabiotic extracted from was investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
45 male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (Ctrl-, drug, and metabiotic), and stomach ulcers were induced by ethanol administration and treated by drug and metabiotic. The healing process was investigated on different days by histological analysis and qRT-PCR.
RESULTS
The metabiotic increased IL-8 and PDGF expression and stimulated the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the wound site. It caused a faster onset of the inflammation phase followed by the proliferation phase. The metabiotic increased the expression of SOD and GPx genes and the antioxidant capacity of the wound. The increase in EGF expression led to faster re-epithelization, which was evident in the wound closure process.
CONCLUSION
Metabiotic extracted from is a promising candidate for the treatment of PUD. It causes a faster onset of the inflammation phase. Improving the antioxidant status of the wound, causes a faster resolution of inflammation, which leads to the acceleration of the wound-healing process.
PubMed: 37069908
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i1.11924